日本語１３２ 第七課
今日は 何曜日 ですか。
先週の週末は どう でしたか。
何をしましたか。
REVIEW: どんな＿＿＿＿＿が好き ／きらい ですか。
たべもの
のみもの
ぶん学
くだもの
やさい
スポーツ
おんがぐ
くるま
カメラ
NOTE, OR REMINDER:
We can use を if we ask which food we eat frequently, which Music we listen to often, or which sports we DO frequenetly
どんな くだものを よく たべますか。
どんな おんがくを よく ききますか。
どんな スポーツを よく しますか。
NEW Grammar Point Grammar II:
What if we want to talk about the things we like/dislike to do, i.e. ACTIONS? We have to use VERBS, but we cannot use -ますforms. So...
We have to resort to the PLAIN or DICTIONARY (or non-ます) forms, which means the either the る or the うforms of verbs.
As always, we have to look at the 2 types of verbs: る and う.
1. るverbs--aka Ichidan for first line Verbs--are always easier, more consistent. You simply drop the -ます and replace it with -る.
たべますーーー＞たべる
みますーーー＞みる
おきますーーー＞おきる
ねますーーー＞ ねる
2. うverbs--the Godan verbs--of course, are the more variable, less homogenous types of verbs, with 7-8 subsets or "families" of verbs that are consisent within the subgroup, but vary depending on the type of consonant that we find in the verb. We will end up with that consonant + an う sound
a. M よみますーーー＞よむ；
のみますーーー＞のむ
[B] よびますーーー＞よぶ (invite, call);
あそびますーーー＞あそぶ
b. K かきますーーー＞かく；
いきますーーー＞いく；
あるきますーーー＞あるく;
ききますーーー＞きく
[G] およぎますーーー＞およぐ；
いそぎますーーー＞いそぐ (hurry)
c. S はなしますーーー＞はなす;
かしますーーー＞かす (lend)
d. I (Vowel)
あいますーーー＞あう；
かいますーーー＞かう；
うたいますーーー＞うたう
e. T まちますーーー＞まつ；
もちますーーー＞もつ (have, hold)
f. R かえりますーーー＞かえる；
つくりますーーー＞つくる(make)；
分りますーーー＞分かる
g. N しにますーーー＞しぬ (die)
Of course, we have our IRREGULAR verbs, as well:
1. しますーーー＞する
2. きますーーー＞くる Note how くる is the only verb in which even the first vowel sound changes: from きーーー＞くーーーー＞こ in the plain negative こない
For more on verbs, you might find these websites helpful:
http://www.epochrypha.com/japanese/materials/verbs/
http://japanese.about.com/blvarchive.htm
Note: We will also learn the Plain Negative of Verbs in L. 7 Grammar note V; here we will find ourselves saying:
V-Base + ない for るVerbs たべない、みない and
V-Base + Cnsonant +あない sound for う-Verbs like のまない、かかない、いかない、かえらない
Something unanticipated: In theい or Vowel type うverbs like
あいます、かいます、うたいます we go from the うform (あう、かう、うたう) to a
Plain Negative Form in which a with a latent "W" sound resurfaces:
あわない、かわない、うたわない
So, to NOMINALIZE a verb, i.e., turn it into a NOUN, we take the PLAIN or DICTIONARY form of the verb ＋の＋が＋好き／きらい
１、本を よみます。 好き です。ーーー＞ 本をよむ の が 好きです。
２、ロックを Listen の が 好きです。
３、としょかんへ go の が 好き です。
４、レストランで eat の が きらい です。
５、えいがを watch の が 大好き です。
６、えいがを go to see の が 好き です。
７、ともだち talk with の が 大好き です。
So were are saying that we like talking with our friends, reading books, going to the movies, watching movies, or going to the library, etc., meaning that the noun form of the verb is comparable to the English -ING form in this instance.
Activity 1 (269) Change into V-df + の+が 好き ですか
Try some:
1. I love eating fruit.
2. I don't like going out to drink very much.
3. I like going to karaoke.
3. I like to take photographs.
4. I love to go hiking.
5. I don't like watching baseball very much.
6. I love listening to jazz.
7. I like traveling.
8. I don't like going for a drive.
9. I love drawing pictures.
10. I don't like singing songs very much.
どんな こと を するのが 好き ですか What kinds of things do you like doing (or, to do)
Listening to music
Going to a party
Watching videos
Going for a drive
Eating delicious food
Playing computer games
Doing aerobics
Drinking coffee [or juice, cola, tea, beer, wine, water]
Buying CDs [or books, magazines]
Reading books/newspapers/magazines
Going bowling
Cleaning (your room)
Skiing
Having a meal out/at a restaurant
Golfing
Playing tennis
Shopping
Jogging
Listening to jazz/rock, etc.
Taking Photographs with my friends (友だち と しゃしんを とります)
Swimming
Studying at the library
Traveling
Going for a drive
Going shopping
Singing songs
Going to a concert
Listening to classical music
Drawing pictures
Taking photographs [of. . .]
Having a party
Activity 3 (optional)
Activity 4 - Look at the Pictures and describe what Kimura-san likes to do/likes doing:
Example: Play Tennis
1. Swim
2. Jog
3. Eat Food
4. Play Games
5. Cook
6. Take pictures of flowers
7. Write letters
8. Paint Pictures
9. Travel
10. Sing Songs
11. Go for a drive
Activity 5
What do you like to do on your days off (休みの日に)